Nepal is a landlocked country, bordered by China, India and the Himalayas. It boasts eight of the world’s top ten highest mountains, including Mount Everest on the border with China.

In terms of bio-diversity due to its unique geographical position and altitude variation, Nepal is a considered the heaven on earth and one of the richest countries in the world.

The elevation of the country ranges from 60m above sea level to the highest point on earth, Mount Everest at 8,848 m. So this wild variation fosters an incredible variety of ecosystems with the climatic conditions ranging from sub-tropical to arctic.

The origin of the name Nepal is derived from the Nepal Bhasa, which is the language of Newars and has its origin to the fact that Kathmandu Valley used to be called Nepa, the term that is still used by Newars.

Nepal is a major tourist destination due to its diverse landscape, ranging from the humid Terai plains in the south to the mountainous Himalayas in the north. Most of people practices Hinduism, but they also has a strong Budhist tradition. Budha Siddhartha Gautama was born in Lumbini, Terai – one of the three regions of Nepal.

Kathmandu is the capital and the largest city in the country. The state currency is the Nepalese Rupee(NPR) and the official language is Nepali but the country is a potpourri of 101 ethnic groups and sub-groups who speak over 92 languages and dialects.

Nepal’s flag is non-quadrilateral in shape like other flags in the world, its blue border means peace, red stands for the national flower of Nepal(rhododendron),the curved moon is symbol of peace and calm nature of Nepalese and the sun represents aggressiveness of Nepalese warriors.

Nepal offers an astonishing diversity of sightseeing attractions and adventure opportunities found nowhere else on earth. And you can join in the numerous annual festivals that are celebrated throughout the year in traditional style highlighting enduring customs and beliefs.

Nepal has been made famous for its tourism, trekking, hiking, camping, mountain biking, national wildlife parks, jungle safaris, river rafting, sport fishing, and its many beautiful temples and places of worship.

History
Due to Neolithic tools founded in the Kathmandu Valley, it believes that people have been living in the Himalayan region for at least 9,000 years. Probably they were of Tibeto-Burman ethnicity. Nepal has seen many rulers and ruling dynasties.

The Thakuris following to the Licchavis, then came the Malla dynasty who ruled focusing mainly on the Kathmandu valley which has been home for most Nepali rulers, so thanks to the exceptionally talented crafts-men they are seven world heritage sites in these valley.

The King Jayasthiti Malla established a rigid social order in the 14th century. His grandson tried to protect his country from suspected enemy states but unfortunately they were fruitless, everything went beyond his control and the country eventually divided up into 50 small feudal states including one of the three major in the valley.

After during the Shah dynasty, the king Prithvi Narayan Shah unified Nepal in a single kingdom and he also dismissed European missionaries from the country because he recognized the threat of the British Raj in India and for more than a century, Nepal remained in isolation.

Jung Bahadur Rana became Nepal-s first prime minister to wield absolute power during the mid 19th century. But at the beginning of 1950s, he was overthrown in a democracy movement.

Nepal was a kingdom until 2006, then it converts in a federal democratic republic by the Interim Parliament on December 28, 2007 during the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly; the modern state was formed with the Unification of Nepal by Prithvi Narayan Shah.

From 1996 until 2006 it suffered from a Civil War between government forces and guerrillas of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). In this way its recent history has involved struggles for democratic government with periods of direct monarchic rule.